Wednesday, July 7, 2010

BHAI SAHIB SINGH JI

Bhai Sahib Singh:

Bhai Sahib Singh, one of the Panj Piare ( Five Beloved) of revered memory in the Sikh tradition, was born the son of Bhai Tirath Chand, a barber of Bidar in Karnataka, and his wife Mata Devi Bai. Bidar had been visited by Guru Nanak early in the sixteenth century and a Sikh shrine had been established there in his honour. Sahib Chand, as Sahib Singh was called before he underwent the rites of the Khalsa, travelled to Anandpur at the young age of 16, and attached himself permanently to Guru Gobind Singh.





* Original Name: Bhai Sahib Chand
* Became Bhai Sahib Singh on taking Amrit
* Barber , born in Bidar (Karnataka, India) on 1662
* Father name: Bhai Tirath Chand Jee
* Mother name: Mata Devi Bai Jee
* Akal Chalana: Attained Shayeedie at Chamkaur Sahib on 1705
* At the time of creation of Khalsa, Bhai Sahib ji was 37 years old
* On 7 December 1705 in the battle of Chamkaur, Bhai Sahib Singh with Bhai Himmat Singh and Bhai Mukham Singh died. He won a name for himself as marksman and in one of the battles at Anandpur he shot dead the Gujjar chief Jamatulla. In another action the raja of Hindur, Bhup Chand, was seriously wounded by a shot from his musket following which the entire hill army fled the field. Sahib Singh was one of the five Sikhs who, on the Baisakhi day of 30 March 1699, offered, upon Guru Gobind Singh's call to lay down their heads. They were greeted by the Guru as the five beloved of him. These five formed the nucleus of the Khalsa, the Guru's own, inaugurated dramatically that day. Sahib Chand, after undergoing the rites of the Khalsa, became Sahib Singh, receiving the surname of Singh common to all members of the Khalsa brotherhood.


Bhai Sahib Singh fell in the battle of Chamkaur on 7 December 1705 with Bhai Himmat Singh and Bhai Mukham Singh.

BHAI MUKHAM SINGH JI

Bhai Mukham Singh :

Bhai Mukham Singh (1663-1705) (or "Mokham"), born Muhkam Chand, was one of the original Panj Piare or the Five Beloved of honoured memory in the Sikh tradition. Hwas the son of TIrath Chand, a calico printer/tailor of Dvaraka in Gujarat. About the year 1685, he came to Anandpur, then the seat of Guru Gobind Singh where he practised martial arts and took part in the Sikhs' battles with the surrounding hill chiefs and imperial troops. He was one of the five who offered their heads in response to Guru Gobind Singh's call on the Baisakhi day of 1699 and earned the appellation of Panj Piare. Initiated into the order of the Khalsa, Muhkam Chand received the common surname of Singh and became Muhkam Singh. He died in the battle of Chamkaur on 7 December 1705 with Bhai Himmat Singh and Bhai Sahib Singh.






* Original Name: Bhai Mokham Rai
* Became Bhai Mokham Singh
* Calico-printer born Doowarka (Gujrat, India) on 1663. Was about 3 years older than Guru Gobind Singh
* Father name: Bhai Tirath Chand Jee
* Mother name: Mata Deevie Bhai Jee
* Akal Chalana: Attained Shayeedie at Chamkaur Sahib on 1705 along with Bhai Himmat Singh and Bhai Sahib Singh
* At the time of creation of the Khalsa, Bhai Sahib ji was 36 years old

SOI SOI DEVEI


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SATGUR HOYE DAYAAL


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NA BHALI NA BHALAYEE


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KAB GAL LAWENGE


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BHAI HIMMAT SINGH JI

Bhai Himmat Singh:

Bhai Himmat Singh (18 January 1661- 7 December 1705), was one of the original Panj Piare (the Five Beloved) the first five Singhs to be initiated into the Khalsa way of life. He was born on 18 January 1661 at Jagannath in a "low-caste" family of water suppliers. He came to Anandpur at the young age of 17, and attached himself to the service of Guru Gobind Singh. Before initiation, he was called 'Bhai Himmat'. The word 'himmat' or ਹਿੰਮਤ is a Punjabi word which means 'courage' or 'brave'. He was one of the initial five Sikhs who one by one offered to lay down their heads in response to the Guru's successive calls made at an assembly of the Sikhs especially summoned on the occasion of Baisakhi of 1756 Bk corresponding to 14 April, 1699. He along with the other four received the vows of the Khalsa at Guru Gobind Singh's hands and was given the name Himmat Singh. Bhai Himmat Singh proved himself to be a brave warrior and while at Anandpur, he took part in battles with the surrounding hill chiefs and imperial commanders. He died in the battle of Chamkaur on 7 December 1705 together with Bhai Sahib Singh and Bhai Mukham Singh also members of the historic Panj Pyares.






* Original Name: Bhai Himmat Rai.
* Became Bhai Himmat Singh
* water-carrier, born in Jagan-Nath Puri (Orissa), 1661
* Father name: Bhai Gulzaree Jee
* Mother name: Mata Dhanoo Jee
* Akal Chalana: Attained Shayeedie at Chamkaur Sahib on 1705
* Born in 1661, Bhai Sahib ji was about 5 years older than Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708)
* At the time of creation of the Khalsa, Bhai Sahib ji was 38 years old
* Died aged 44 fighting against the Mughals at the battle of Chamkaur

MERE LAALAN KI SOBHA (PART 3)


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MERE LAALAN KI SOBHA (PART 2)


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BHAI DHARAM SINGH JI

Bhai Dharam Singh Ji:

Bhai Dharam Singh (3 November 1666 - 1708), one of the Panj Piare or the Five Beloved, the forerunners of Khalsa and was a farmer by profession. He was the son of Bhai Sant Ram and Mai Sabho, of Hastinapur, an ancient town on the right bank of the Ganges, 35 km northeast of Meerut (29°N, 77° 45'E). Joins 10th Guru: Dharam Das, as he was originally named, was born around 1666. As a young man, he fell into the company of a Sikh who introduced him to the teachings of the Gurus. He left home at the age of thirty in quest of further instruction. At the Sikh shrine of Nanak Piau, dedicated to Guru Nanak, he was advised to go to Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur, where he arrived in 1698.






* Original Name: Bhai Dharam Das
* Became Bhai Dharam Singh on taking Amrit in 1699.
* Born into a farming family in Hastinapur on the banks of river Ganges on 1666 - the same year of birth as Guru Gobind Singh
* Father name: Bhai Sant Ram Ji
* Mother name: Mata Mai Sabho Ji
* Akal Chalana: Attained Shayeedie at Nanded Sahib on 1708, aged 42 years.
* At the time of creation of Khalsa, Bhai Sahib ji was 33 years old
* Together with Bhai Daya Singh was sent to deliver the Zafarnamah to Emperor Aurangzeb
* On night of 7/8 December 1705 at Chamkaur with Bhai Daya Singh accompanied Guru Gobind Singh out of the fort.



Offered His Head.

A few months later came the historic Baisakhi congregation at which five Sikhs responding to five successive calls of Guru Gobind Singh offered one after the other to lay down their heads. Dharam Das was one of those five. The Guru blessed them and called them Panj Piare, the five beloved of him. They were anointed as the first five members of the brotherhood of the Khalsa inaugurated on that day. Guru Gobind Singh then begged them to administer to him the vows of initiation.



Delivered Zafarnamah.

Dharam Das, who, after initiation, became Dharam Singh, took part in the battles of Anandpur. He was in Guru Gobind Singh's train when Anandpur and thereafter Chamkaur were evacuated. He accompanied Bhai Daya Singh to the South to deliver Guru Gobind Singh's letter, the Zafarnamah, to Emperor Aurangzeb.



In Support of Prince Mua'zzam.

During the war of succession following the death of Aurangzib on 20 February 1707, Guru Gobind Singh took the part of the rightful claimant to the imperial throne, Prince Mua'zzam, and sent for his help Bhai Dharam Singh who with his small band of Sikhs fought in the battle of Jajau (8 June 1707). He accompanied Guru Gobind Singh to Nanded and was with him at the time of his death on 7 October 1708.



Back Home.

Dharam Singh died at Nanded. A gurdwara there preserves the memory jointly of Bhai Dharam Singh and Bhai Daya Singh.

MERE LAALAN KI SOBHA (PART 1)


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MOHAN GHAR AAVHO


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BHAI DAYA SINGH JI

Bhai Daya Singh Ji:

Bhai Daya Singh (26 August 1669 - 1708), the first of the Panj Piare or the Five Beloved celebrated in the Sikh tradition, was the son of Bhai Suddha, a Sobti Khatri of Lahore, and Mai Diali. His original name was Daya Ram. His name is uttered first among the five Beloved of the Guru (Panj Pyaras) in the Sikh Ardas.

Bhai Suddha was a devout Sikh of Guru Tegh Bahadur and had visited Anandpur more than once to seek his blessing. In 1677, he travelled to Anandpur along with his family including his young son, Daya Ram, to make obeisance to Guru Gobind Singh, this time to settle there permanently.

Daya Ram, already well versed in Punjabi and Persian, engaged himself in the study of classics and gurbani. He also received training in the use of weapons.




* Born as a Sobti Khatri in Lahore in 1661
* Father's name: Bhai Suddha Ji
* Mother's name: Mata Mai Diali Ji
* Original Name: Bhai Daya Ram
* Was the "first" to answer the call of Guru Gobind Rai, even though he thought he was to be killed.
* Become the first Panj Piare
* Became Bhai Daya Singh on taking Amrit
* At the time of the creation of the Khalsa, Bhai Sahib ji was 38 years old
* On the night of 7/8 December 1705 with Bhai Dharam Singh, he accompanied Guru Gobind Singh out of Chamkaur fort.
* Together with Bhai Dharam Singh was sent to deliver the Zafarnamah to Emperor Aurangzeb
* Akal Chalana: Attained Shayeedie at Nanded Sahib on 1708, aged 47 years.




Anandpur, 30 March 1699

In the historic divan in the Keshgarh Fort at Anandpur on 30 March 1699, he was the first to rise at the Guru's call and offer his head, followed by four others in succession. These five were the first to be admitted to the fold of the Khalsa and they in turn administered the rites of initiation to Guru Gobind Singh who called them collectively Panj Piare. Daya Ram after initiation became Daya Singh.

Although the five enjoyed equal status as the Guru's close confidants and constant attendants, Bhai Daya Singh was always regarded as the first amoung equals. He took part in the battles of Anandpur, and was one of the three Sikhs who followed Guru Gobind Singh out of Chamkaur on the night of 7/8 December 1705, eluding the besieging hordes. He was Guru Gobind Singh's emissary sent from the village of Dina in the Punjab to deliver his letter which became famous as Zafarnamah, the Letter of Victory, to Emperor Aurangzeb, then camping at Ahmadnagar. Bhai Daya Singh, accompanied by Bhai Dharam Singh, another of the Panj Piare, reached Ahmadnagar via Aurangabad, but found that it was not possible to have access to the Emperor and deliver to him the letter personally as Guru Gobind Singh had directed. Daya Singh sent Dharam Singh back to seek the Guru's advice, but before the latter could rejoin him with fresh instructions, he had managed to have the letter delivered, and had himself returned to Aurangabad. A shrine called Gurdwara Bhai Daya Singh marks the place of his sojourn in Dhami Mahalla.

Bhai Daya Singh and Bhai Dharam Singh returned and, according to Sikh tradition, they rejoined Guru Gobind Singh at Kalayat, a town 52 km southwest of Bikaner (28° 4'N, 73° 21 'E) in Rajasthan. Bhai Daya Singh remained in attendance upon the Guru and was with him at the time of his death at Nanded on 7 October 1708. He died at Nanded soon after, where today, a joint memorial for him and for Bhai Dharam Singh known as Angitha (literally burning pyre) stands in memory of these two famous Panj Piare. It stands on the site that marks their cremation near the bank of the river Godavri.

Bhai Daya Singh was a learned man. One of the Rahitnamas, manuals on Sikh conduct, is ascribed to him. The Nirmalas, a sect of Sikh schoolmen, claim him as one of their forebearers. Their Darauli branch traces its origin to Bhai Daya Singh through Baba Deep Singh.

JAI JAI KAAR KARE SABH KOI


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GURU ARJUN VITHO KURBANI (PART 3)


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GURU ARJUN VITHO KURBANI (PART 2)


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GURU ARJUN VITHO KURBANI (PART 1)


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SAHIBZADA ZORAWAR SINGH AND SAHIBZADA FATEH SINGH

Sahibzada Zorawar Singh:

Zorawar Singh (28 November 1696 - 26 December 1705), the third son of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito ji (also known as Mata Sundari ji) at Anandpur on 28 November 1696 and was barely nine years old at the time of the evacuation of Anandpur on the night of 21-22 December 1705.

Sahibzada Fateh Singh:

Sahibzada Fateh Singh (12 December 1699 - 26 December 1705), the youngest of Guru Gobind Singh's four sons, was born to Mata Jito ji (also known as Mata Sundari ji) at Anandpur on 12 December 1699. Since the death, on 5 December 1700 of Mata Jito ji, Mata Gujari, his grandmother had been especially attached to young Zorawar Singh and his infant brother, Fateh Singh. She took charge of both as the column moved out of Anandpur.
While crossing on horseback the rivulet Sirsa, then in spate, the three were separated from Guru Gobind Singh. Their cook, Gangu, who had also succeeded in crossing the stream, escorted them to his own house in the village of Kheri, now known as Saheri, near Morinda in presentday Ropar district. While unsaddling the horse he saw that there was some valuables in the saddlebag. This tempted him to treachery. He not only stole the saddlebag during the night, but also planned to betray the fugitives to the government in hope of a reward.


Treachery by Gangu

On the morning of 21 December 1705, the day of the fateful battle of Chamkaur, Baba Zorawar Singh ji, along with Baba Fateh Singh ji and their grandmother, was taken into custody by Jani Khan and Mani Khan Ranghar, the officials at Morinda after their cover was blown by Gangu who reported them to the Mughal authorities. They were despatched on the following day to Sirhind where they were consigned to the Cold Tower (Thanda Burj) of the Fort. This spot is marked by the famous Gurdwara Fatehgarh sahib. On 23 December 1705, Baba Zorawar Singh ji and Baba Fateh Singh ji were produced before the faujdaar, Nawab Wazir Khan, who had just returned from Chamkaur with his feudal ally, Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan of Malerkotla. Wazir Khan tried to lure the Sahibzadas to embrace Islam with promises of riches and honours, but they spurned the suggestion. He then threatened them with death, but they remained undaunted. Death sentence was finally pronounced. Upon Sher Muhammad Khan's intercession for the innocent children to be spared their lives, they were given some more time to ponder over the suggestion to convert. Sahibzada Zorawar Singh ji and his brother spent another two days of severe winter in their old grandmother's lap in the Cold Tower.


Mata Gujar Kaur ji with the younger Sahibzade





Atrocity by the Mughals

Still adamant, they were, on 25 December 1705, ordered to be sealed alive in a wall. According to tradition, as the masonry around their tender bodies reached chest high, it crumbled. The Sahibzadas were sent to the Cold Tower again for the night. The next day, 26 December 1705, the alternative of conversion being again turned down, Baba Zorawar Singh ji and Baba Fateh Singh ji were martyred by sealing alive in a wall. The aged Mata Gujari Kaur ji, who had all along been kept in the Cold Tower, only a little distance away, breathed her last as the news reached her ears. Mata Gujari Kaur ji through upbringing of her grandsons played such an important role in Sikhism that as Sikhs, we can owe our existence to her. It was due to her teachings that 6 year old and 9 year old did not bulge from their Dharma and attained martyrdom., thus continuing and emphasizing the institute of martyrdom in Sikhism. Seth Todar Mall, a wealthy merchant of Sirhind, performed the cremation of the three dead bodies the following day. The site of the fateful happenings, since christened Fatehgarh Sahib, close to the old town of Sirhind, is now marked by four Sikh shrines. A religious fair is held here from 25 to 28 December every year to honour the memory of the martyrs.


Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh in captivity.



SAHIBZADA AJIT SINGH AND SAHIBZADA JUJHAR SINGH

Sahibzada Ajit Singh:

(11 February 1687 - 7 December 1705), the eldest of four sons of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito ji (also known as Mata Sundari ji) at Paonta sahib on 11 February 1687. The following year, Guru Gobind Singh returned with the family to Anandpur where Ajit Singh was brought up in the approved Sikh style. He was taught the religious texts, philosophy and history, and had training in the martial arts such as riding, swordsmanship, gatka and archery. He grew up to be a handsome young man, strong, intelligent and a natural leader of people. Soon after the creation of the Khalsa on 30 March 1699, he had his first test of skill. A group of Sikhs (sangat) coming from Pothohar, northwest Punjab, was attacked and looted on the way by the Ranghars of Nuh, a short distance from Anandpur across the River Sutlej.

Sahibzada Ajit Singh asking for his father, Guru Gobind Singh's blessings




Guru Gobind Singh sent Sahibzada Ajit Singh, barely 12 years of age then, to that village to intervene and defend the sangat. Ajit Singh at the head of 100 Sikhs reached there on 23 May 1699, punished the Ranghars and recovered the looted property. Following this successful mission, a much harder task was entrusted to him the following year when the hill chiefs supported by imperial troops attacked Anandpur. Sahibzada Ajit Singh was made responsible for the defence of Taragarh Fort which became the first target of attack. This, according to the Bhatt Vahis, happened on 29 August 1700. Ajit Singh, assisted by Bhai Ude Singh, a seasoned soldier, repulsed the attack. He also fought valiantly in the battles of Nirmohgarh in October 1700. On 15 March 1701, a sangat, column of Sikh devotees, coming from Darap area (present Sialkot district) was waylaid by Gujjars and Ranghars. Sahibzada Ajit Singh led a successful expedition against them too. Once a Brahman came to Guru Gobind Singh’s darbar. He complained that some Pathans of Bassi, near Hoshiarpur had taken his newly-wedded wife away by force. Sahibzada Ajit Singh offered to help the Brahman to recover his wife. As instructed by Guru Gobind Singh, on 7 March 1703 he took out 100 horsemen to Bassi, near Hoshiarpur. With this band of young brave Sikhs, Baba Ajit Singh fell upon Bassi during the night. He arrested the Pathans responsible for the wicked deed. He recovered the Brahman’s wife. He took the wicked Pathans to Anandpur the following morning. The Brahman’s wife was restored to him. The wicked Pathans were punished, suitably and severely.



In the prolonged siege of Anandpur in 1705, Sahibzada Ajit Singh again displayed his qualities of courage and steadfastness. When, at last, Anandpur was vacated on the night of 5-6 December 1705, he was given command of the rearguard. As the besiegers, violating their solemn promises for a safe conduct to the evacuees, attacked the column, he stoutly engaged them on a hill feature called Shahi Tibbi until relieved by Bhai Ude Singh. Sahibzada Ajit Singh crossed the Sarsa, then in spate, along with his father, his younger brother, Jujhar Singh, and some fifty Sikhs. Further reduced in numbers by casualties at the hands of a pursuing troop from Ropar, the column reached Chamkaur in the evening of 6 December 1705, and took up position in a garhi, a highwalled fortified haveli (house). The attackers, their numbers since swelled by reinforcements from Malerkotia, Sirhind and from among the local Ranghars and Gujjars, soon caught up with them and threw a tight ring around Chamkaur. An unequal but grim battle commenced with the sunrise on 7 December 1705 in the words of Guru Gobind Singh's Zafamamah, a mere forty defying a hundred thousand (lakh). The besieged, after they had exhausted the meagre stock of ammunition and arrows, made sallies in batches of five each to engage the encircling host with sword and spear. Sahibzada Ajit Singh led one of the sallies and laid down his life fighting in the thick of the battle. He was 18 years old at the time of his supreme sacrifice for his faith. Gurdwara Qatalgarh now marks the spot where he fell, followed by Sahibzada Jujhar Singh, who led the next sally.


Sahibzada Jujhar Singh:

sahibzada Jujhar Singh (27 September 1691 - 7 December 1705), the second son of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito ji (also known as Mata Sundari ji) at Anandpur on 27 September 1691 (as per Nanakshahi calendar). Like his elder brother Ajit Singh, he started training in the fighting skills (Gatka) as soon as he started learning the religious texts aged about 4 to 5 years. In 1699, when he was eight years old, he received holy Amrit at the rites of Khalsa initiation, called Amrit Sanskar. By the time it became necessary to leave Anandpur under the pressure of a besieging host in December 1705, Jujhar Singh, nearing the completion of his fifteenth year, was an experienced young warrior, strong and fearless. He was one of the band that successfully waded through the flooded Sarsa rivulet on horseback and made good their way to Chamkaur by nightfall on 6 December 1705, with the adversary in hot pursuit. With little respite during the night, he participated in the next day's battle warding off assault after assault upon the "garhi", the fortified house in which Guru Gobind Singh had, along with his 40 Sikhs and two sons, taken shelter. As they ran out of ammunition and arrows, Sikhs inside split themselves into batches of five each who would go out one after the other to engage the besiegers in hand to hand combat. Jujhar Singh led the last sally towards the end of the day (7 December 1705), and laid down his life fighting near the place where he had earlier seen his elder brother fall. He was just 14 years old when he gave his life while his older brother was 18 years old when they gave their lives for their faith. Gurdwara Katalgarh Sahib in Chamkaur Sahib now marks the site.


Sahibzada Jujhar Singh watches his brother Ajit Singh in action with their father



Guru Gobind Singh providing protection cover for the Sahibzade




Painting inside Gurdwara Katalgarh Sahib showing Sahibzada Jujhar Singh in battle. "Purja purja cut maarhu, kaboo na chhodu khaat".



CHOUPAI SAHIB DI MAHIMA


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PRABH KA SIMRAN SABH TE UCHCHA


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JITHE BABA PAER DHARAI


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GURSIKHI DE EHE NISHANI


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KHALSA SO NIRDHAN SO PALEY


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